Build a rough idea Cable TV headend

Here will be a little I give a rough idea to create a head end cable tv.after finding the target customers and the areas to be targeted:

     determine the number of channels to be distributed, the number of channels will be inversely with the necessary tools. for 10 channels is required 10 RF modulator modulator estimated price per unit approximately 1.5 Mt or simply browsing the search for suitable in the bag
     determine the content to be distributed, the channel to be distributed also affects the investment we are going to spend. No channel free / free to air or taking any premium channel / pay. for free-to-air channel, we will not issue monthly fees to pay for content, we just stayed calculate how receiver needs required, when 10-channel receiver yes we multiply the price per unit how much, then just count the number of channels required parabolic us. for example, we take on the satelite channel Telkom and Palapa, means we need two LNB satellite dish and 4 pieces (each satelite we provide 2 LNB for Vertical and Horizontal polarity) for the price of just browsing only. to pay or premium channel, usually supplied by the provider, be it a set-top box or satellite dish. please look for the best deals from the existing provider Indovision eg, Transvision or Topas tv.
     besides Parabola, Receiver, LNB, we also need power devider, which is a device that serves to keep the voltage of the receiver or decoder does not enter decoder or receiver else, just straight dole voltage requirements in LNB (only required if one LNB / polarity used for some Receiver . appropriate channel plan that we created)
    which clearly needed again is a coaxial cable from the LNB to a central / to reciever
    after the channel we wanted received and already we change to signal RF (Radio Frequency) using RF Modulator, to combine all the channels we do that we need a combiner. we can use the splitter combiner reversed to replace it (eg splitter 8 way back so that we can be a combiner 8 inputs ==> so input output)
    out of the combiner, we take a concerted a signal amplifier is often called amps / Booster
    to give the impression of a neat and simplify the maintenance head end, needed a rack to put the receiver device, rf modulator and others.
    a tv is required to monitor the channel that we have in head end

Term of Networking

Have you ever heard the term Networking, networks, workstations, servers, clients, and stand alone computer?

Computer Network:
Within computer science, will be called the Computer Network if there are some computers that salingberhubungan each other and can use other devices together. This group will be listed into the same group. Conditions like these are called Computer Network.

networking
Understanding of networking is that if there are multiple computers connected in the same network and shared access, both data and equipment resources. Networking is also a network system.

workstation
In a system jaringantidak komputer.Berdasarkan consists of only one sense, the network or network system is a collection of computers connected to each lainyang form one group. From a network before, there are several connected computer, each computer was called a workstation.

stand alone
The term stand-alone is the inverse of the network. If the computer is not connected in a network, the computer will stand alone. The computer can only use the data resources of other tools that exist in the computer itself. This is called stand alone.

Elektronika&Hoby: VGA pin

Elektronika&Hoby: VGA pin: "VGA 9 pin : pin 1 : Video Red pin 2 : Video Green pin 3 : Video Blue pin 4 : Horizontal sync pin 5 : Vertical sync pin 6 : Red GND p..."

Servers

Servers
Literally, the server is a computer that serves to regulate or be a coordinator in a computer network. In essence, the server is the parent of all computers connected in a computer network. The server responsible for handling the storage, processing, distribution of data centrally, also serves as a center of joint applications, as well as the main gateway to the internet (getway)
Examples of servers: In an office that contained 10 units of PC connected to a wired LAN switch n premises. When we access the internet from one PC does, in fact the PC is not connected directly to the internet, but connected by a host computer called a server. Here, the server serves as Getway.
Another example of a server: in a public company, commonly used applications enterprise resource planning (ERP). ERP is run by several computers, laptops, or desktop in many different divisions, that number could reach hundreds. To manage this resource, the host computer is required to distribute information to all those in need.

Bandwidth Aggregation: Better Safe than Sorry

 
Doubling your bandwidth (also known as your "pipe" or "throughput") is a great benefit of broadband aggregation, but it's not the only benefit. When using a broadband aggregator, a router specially designed for load-balancing, you will also immediately have a fail-safe in case one of your internet connections goes down. Obviously the speed will be slower when one of the connections is out (because your bandwidth will be cut in half), but at least you will still be able to perform critical By: Preston Wily
Since the internet became a staple in the American home countless surfers have felt the dreaded sting of that one word: "Disconnected." To some people this means having to wait just a few hours to find their true love or check their email. With the rise of the internet as a business application, however, has come an increased importance on having a reliable internet connection.
Take, for instance, a sales office. Most sales offices now rely on the internet for lead distribution, order processing, order tracking, etc. For a high-volume sales office an hour with a dead internet connection could easily set the company back ten thousand dollars. Other industries also deal with the realities of downtime - how much money could a day-trader lose by not covering his short by the closing bell?
The fact of the matter is that time on the internet is quite literally money for some. Having more of it gives them a competitive advantage and losing some of it results in serious financial losses. As obsessed as most serious business-people are with data redundancy (fact: more paper is consumed per capita in this digital era than at any time preceding the internet), most don't even consider the potential benefit of having redundant internet access. For many forward-thinking people who actually have a redundant option, they don't leverage the power of bandwidth aggregation to take advantage of the increased bandwidth.
So what is bandwidth aggregation? It's a pretty simple concept, actually: simply taking two broadband internet connections (T1, cable, DSL, fiber, etc.) and turning them into one fat connection. You could, for instance, have two DSL lines aggregated. You could also aggregate two different types of broadband - for instance, you could aggregate one T1 connection with one cable connection.
Aggregating two broadband connections gives you more bandwidth, but not necessarily speed. This is where many people get confused. Let's assume that you have a 3 Mbps DSL connection and you own a small business. This is a pretty fast connection, but you have ten employees and have noticed that at peak times the internet slows down or, in a worst case scenario, won't work at all for some people. By ordering another 3 Mbps DSL line you will still hit max speeds of 3 Mbps (note that this is a theoretical max that you will almost never hit with ADSL) but you will now have twice the bandwidth. In other words, if five simultaneous connections were feasible before, now you will be aboffice functions.
Let's assume that you operate a small company with ten employees and you have a T1 for everyday use. Your T1 is probably pretty reliable, but once or twice a year there is a glitch (like somebody kicking a cable at the ISP) and you lose, on average, two hours a year of internet access. By using a broadband aggregating router and adding a DSL line, when the T1 is out you will still be able to take orders, ship orders out, track orders, check inventory, etc. And if the outage is longer you won't be running around trying to find a backup data source. Employees might grumble about the slow speeds on the internet, but at least they will be able to get their work done. Also, as an added bonus, you will have more bandwidth for your employees when both internet sources are working.
The benefits of broadband aggregation greatly exceed the costs of not using it for virtually every established business. Broadband aggregation offers the flexibility and reliability for small businesses who cannot afford an expensive, customized IT solution.

Preston Wily is a marketer for Sewell Direct, an internet retailer of computer hardware and accessories. Sewell Direct currently offers the Splitronic Broadband Aggregator, a broadband aggregator intended for use in environments with 1-100 internet users. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Preston_Wily

S-video to RCA Converter

The difference Plasma TVs with LCD TVs

The difference Plasma TVs with LCD TVs
Television tube model with technology Cathoda Ray Tube (CRT) or cathode ray tubes that have been aged 75 years, gradually been replaced by hi-tech flat-screen TVs LCD or plasma TV.
The biggest drawback of CRT TVs are perceived electronics manufacturer that has reached its size limit. This causes the magnification of the size of the TV means also have to change the dimensions of the tube. TV size 29 inch alone account for a large room especially for the thickness of the tube.
Though the audience requires a large TV for the convenience of the eye. No wonder the tube TV technology is not currently developed.
On the other hand, LCD televisions and plasma TVs have a size smaller. Thickness of the TV is only a few inches that makes it easily placed anywhere in the room. Could stand on the floor, taped like painting on the wall there is even a TV manufacturer could advertise their products on display high on the ceiling.
The main cause of this model is more compact TV is not needed on screen projection unit. Utilizing conventional tube TV technology as a treatment of electron particles. A gun-shaped tool, while the TV is connected to the mains, will shoot a beam of charged electrons or negative atomic particles to the screen. The electron is then captured different screen phosphor layer and the color intensity, so the picture emerges.
DIFFERENT with conventional TVs, LCD TVs use the same technology with a laptop screen or flat screen monitors. In addition to compact size and lightweight also has a higher resolution screen. LCD screen consists of millions of crystals wrapped in a thin glass layer. Each of these crystals have different responses to electrical energy. This is what makes the display on the screen was so varied in color.
Plasma TV screen using the technology in the form of small glass balls that contains a gas called plasma. When energized electrical energy, gas, plasma is out ultraviolet rays that burn the layer of glass on the screen. As a result, the screen changed from black to colorless.
That's the fundamental difference of plasma TV technology with LCD TVs. There are many other differences of both technologies, such as size and flat screen technology.
LCD TVs have limitations in terms of its dimensions, because the LCD is actually designed as a computer monitor. Currently, the largest screen is a Samsung 46-inch size. TV was launched mid-2004, after previously shown at an exhibition of electronic and household appliances in New York, April. Therefore, the size LCD TVs are generally located in the market currently ranges between 15, 17, 20, to 22 inches.
Plasma TVs have a screen size is much bigger, designed for audiences who liked the TV screen above 37 inches. The size of plasma TV can reach 76 inches. So it is not surprising that the fans chose to put together a big screen with your home theater.
But once owners of plasma TVs should be prepared with a soaring utility bills. This is because plasma TVs power consumption doubled from LCD TVs. The main cause is? Is the cooling system of the screen.
Plasma TVs need a fan to 'cool' plasma TV screen that is not too hot when used in a long time. Therefore do not use the combustion process, the LCD screen has a longer life than plasma screens.
FROM the side view the TV picture, both have different characteristics. Screen plasma TVs tend to not able to display black properly. In fact, compared to CRT TVs though, plasma TVs are still lost in producing a dark black color and dark gray shades. Another problem that static images for long periods such as logo of the TV station could not quickly disappear from the screen. Shadow still remains even though the TV broadcast has been moved to other impressions.
In the matter of the quality movement of the picture, plasma TVs have the advantage capable of displaying fast moving images. So the displacement image as an action movie (action) is more comfortable to watch at the plasma TVs. Then viewed from the point of view, plasma TV to have the benefits can be watched from every angle, just like conventional TV.
Usually, plasma TVs sold in the form of video displays, so that remains to be burdened with buying a TV tuner (tuning wave) and speakers.
Conversely LCD TVs are sold complete with speakers and tuner. LCD TV screen has the ability to display a clear black color. To find comfort in watching, eyes must be directed straight at the screen. When viewed from the other side, who looked only a shadow only. LCD TV profits are not require excessive cooling system, so that his voice is more smooth than plasma TVs. So, could be an option for those who need a screen for computer and watch TV.
For those who intend to replace his TV with a large size, some other aspect to consider is contrast ratio, aspect ratio and resolution. Contrast plays an important role in producing images that comfortable to watch. The value refers to the dark or bright screen. The higher the ratio, the better the picture display.
Average LCD TV has a contrast ratio ranging from 400:1 to 800:1. Plasma TVs ranging from 600:1 to the most sophisticated has the ability to 1.500:1.
The size aspect ratio describes the ratio of width to height screen. Conventional TV uses 4:3 format, while the large-screen TV use 16:9 ratio. This ratio does not vary much with the format used in cinema industry, which is very comfortable to watch DVD movies on the big screen, considering the comparison is not much different from 1.85:1 16:9.
In choosing a TV should be considered also aspects of the resolution. Plasma and LCD TV products already use the technology for fixed-pixel arrays. This means that this product already has rows and columns are fixed for a specific image format. In general, a good quality TV that is classified as high definition, if a resolution value of more than one million, ie starting from 1280 x 720, 1366 x 768 and 1024 x 1024.
Resolution for conventional TV's most high 852 x 480 so-called enhanced definition. Standards for TV tubes is generally located at a resolution of 640 × 480 and 720 × 480.
The difference is what makes these two technologies memunyai respective markets, as needed. Moreover, in terms of pricing is also much different.
quoted from : http://ilmupengetahuan-teknologi.blogspot.com

Sony DSR-PD170

This camera is very familiar and many users in Indonesia, from TV cameramen, Production House, until Wedding cameramen. Perhaps the many advantages of this camera that affect the decision to use the Sony PD170.
But make no mistake there are some images that can not beachieved by using this camera . For example: we want to get a picture that only focus on objects with background blur, can only be in the position of extreme close-ups and can not be in the position of medium or more wide.
With so many cameramen who may be from the first study to years only know and feel this camera has become a true cameramen, should learn to type like a professional camera: Panasonic AJD610, AJD400 Panasonic, Sony DSR-400, Sony DXC D50 and others. Usually those who can operate one of these cameras will not have difficulty operating the camera other types.
So the Sony PD-170 camera is good and suitable for small-News cameraman as making it more mobile. For the production that require special pictures would be great to use a professional camera. *

Cable Modem

The internet has become even faster. Gone are the days of sluggish dial-up connections. Cable modems offer a way for you to use your cable connection to get high-speed internet access.
How do cable modems work?
First of all, data and information from the internet comes over the coaxial cable, the same cable that is used to give you a television signal if you have cable television. Coaxial cables have the ability to store a large amount of data, so there is plenty of room for both your television and internet.
The cable modem is what allows you to have both cable television and high-speed internet access on the same coaxial cable. There are several parts of a cable modem, and they each serve a different function. The tuner is the portion that receives the internet signal from the cable and then moves the signal to the demodulator. The demodulator takes the signal and the data that is on it and coverts it into a digital form that can eventually be read by the computer. Some cable modems also have a modulator, which takes the signal and converts it back to a form that can be transmitted back out into the coaxial cable.
High-speed internet access gives you a lot of freedom. You no longer need to tie up a phone line in order to have an internet connection. They also allow you to get and receive data at a faster rate because a coaxial cable has a lot of space, despite the fact that you also use the cable to get a cable television signal.
In order to enjoy high-speed internet access, you will need a cable modem. Understanding how the modem works will help you make the best choices, in terms of price and function, when purchasing one.
Cable Modems provides detailed information on Cable Modems, Installilng Cable Modems, Cable Modem Reviews, Uncapping Cable Modems and more. Cable Modems is affiliated with Computer Cables.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Kevin_Stith

Know the DVB Standard Preliminary

Know the DVB StandardPreliminary
At this time we can say that the entire broadcasting chain starting from the production process to distribution of digital television has been done, but the last chain of transmission process to end-users are still largely conducted in analog. DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) is one of the systems used to transmit digital TV broadcasting until the end-user.
DVB development effort as a global standard for digital television broadcasting either via satellite or terrestrial originated from the formation of the DVB Project in 1993. DVB Project consists of approximately 250 institutions from 30's, country and consists of broadcasters, manufacturers, network operators, regulatory bodies and academic institutions. DVB Project does not perform the function as a regulator but a work based on business and commercial aspects.
In a further development of the DVB Project has successfully developed a series of DVB specifications are not limited to video broadcasting, but also has penetrated down to the applications and multimedia services.
This paper will try to give a bit of an idea of ​​the DVB standard. Given the breadth and depth of DVB standards, this article can not possibly cover everything. For those readers who are interested to know more about DVB can read a variety of references are available, including through http://www.dvb.org or http://www.etsi.org.Why DVB
DVB was developed based on the background of the importance of broadcasting system which is open (open system) which is supported by the ability of interoperability, flexibility and commercial aspects. As an open system, the DVB standard can be used by vendors to develop a variety of innovative services and value-added services that are compatible with each other DVB devices from other vendors. In addition, digital programs transmitted by the DVB specifications can be transferred from one transmission medium to another transmission medium with a cheap and easy. The approach taken by the DVB is to maximize the existing tools and common system available in the commercial market.
With digital technology, DVB can utilize bandwidth more efficiently. One satellite transponder that is usually only used for one analog TV program, using the DVB can be used to broadcast the 8 channel digital TV. Besides the addition of a TV channel capacity, the terrestrial transmission media can be obtained better image quality and even the media cable TV, DVB-C offers two-way interaction.
One of the fundamental decisions taken in setting standards is the selection of DVB MPEG-2 as "data containers". With these conceptions of the transmission of digital information can be flexibly without the need to provide limits what type of information will be stored in "data container" is. Selection of MPEG-2 compression system for coding and done because it proved that MPEG-2 capable of providing good quality according to available resources. From a commercial standpoint, the adoption of MPEG-2 which is the standard of existing and proven very beneficial because it allows DVB to concentrate on its efforts in finding ways to package the MPEG-2 data packets through different transmission including satellite, cable, SMATV, LMDS, as well as terrestrial. Chip-sets for coding and decoding MPEG-2 has been commercially available so that the price of the decoder in the commercial market priced. However because the MPEG-2 contained in the ISO document is generic, then the DVB Project developed a document that contains restrictions on the syntax and parameters of MPEG-2 and recommended values ​​used in DVB applications.
DVB Service future will consist of various types of programs developed through a number of transmission channels. For IRD to ditune for certain services automatically through a user friendly navigation system then adds a navigation aid DVB DVB-SI (Service Information) which is an extension of the Programme Specific Information (PSI) from MPEG-2. Service information in DVB serves as the header of the MPEG container so that the receiver can find out what it takes to decode the signal.
In addition, MPEG-2 decoder enables a flexible design as improving the quality of the encoding. Any increase in performance due to the development of new encoding system will be automatically reflected on the image quality of the decoder.Transmission
DVB standards can be applied to a variety of media ranging from satellite transmission (DVB-S), cable (DVB-C) or terrestrial radio waves (DVB-T).Standard DVB-S DVB Project is the first product that allows the delivery of DVB signals via satellite. The document describes the various tools for purposes including the implementation of the modulation channel pengkodingan Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK).Channel coding and modulation systems DVB on cable systems (CATV) is described in the document DVB-C standard. This document is the basis for further development for the specification of [DVB-CS is used, (Satellite) Master Antenna TV (SMATV).DVB also regulates the use of terrestrial transmission media in DVB-T specification. Utilization of microwaves for transmission via DVB MMDS (Multichannel Microwave Distribution System) can be divided into two specifications: for the MMDS frequencies above 10 GHz (DVB-MS) using DVB-S specification, while for frequencies below 10 GHz (DVB-MC) is primarily based on DVB-C.Conditional Access System
CAS (Conditional Access System) is a subsystem that serves as control access to programs or services that are able to receive just service users who have received authorization. CAS consists of several blocks of which mechanism to scramble the program or service, Subscriber Management System (SMS), Subscriber Authorization System (SAS), etc.. SMS is essentially a data base containing customer information of a service, while the SAS function encrypt and send the code-words that enable the IRD to mendescrambler a program. DVB Project is not to make CAS as part of the DVB standard. However DVB Common Scrambling Algorithm developed a, namely tools for scrambling Transport Streams or Program Streams Elementary. DVB liberate the use of types of CAS in accordance with the needs of operators from multiple vendors DVB members that offer a competitive commercial product.In addition to the DVB standard allows the occurrence of cross-medium interoperabillity which allows various different delivery media can be interoperable with each other, one aspect of interoperability is that all DVB-compliant devices from different vendors can easily connect to each other in a broadcast chain.However integrated receiver decoders (IRD), which uses a different Conditional Access technology may not always be interoperable with each other. There are two approaches by DVB for the occurrence of interoperating between various different CAS, namely:

    * SimulCrypt, in this case some programs to negotiate commercial providers to enable users who already have a proprietary CAS IRD with embedded in them can enjoy the different services of the CAS due to supply the necessary proprietary information.
    * Multicrypt, CAS technologies can be on one platform so that the same IRD can receive dibroadcast programs simultaneously from several different programs CASnya.
Interactivity
DVB system has the ability to utilize the return path between the IRD and the Service Provider via the module's Subscriber Management System. For the purposes of this return path is required modem and telephone or cable TV networks return path or even a satellite uplink. Return this path can be used to send signals back from the user as the application televoting, playing games, tele-shopping, and tele-banking, and also to send commands browsing on an internet website. Despite the limited bandwidth for the return path is not suitable for sending video images to move from house to broadcasters, the next stage of development is expected to allow for this to happen. In addition, DVB also offers a kind of interactivity without requiring a return path that is providing a variety of program choices according to user choice.
Many services are offered in DVB will require some form of interaction between the user and the program provider or network operator. This interaction can be a bit of a command transmission but may also require fairly intensive interaction as in communication via the Internet. Interactive TV identified as one of the important keys that will control the digital transmission system in the future. Various members of the DVB has developed a comprehensive plan for the introduction of interactive TV since 1997. The occurrence of convergence in this area allow for a turning point in the future world of broadcasting.Various specifications of the DVB return channel has been published by ETSI including the DVB-RCC (Cable) and DVB-RCT (Telephone or ISDN), which is the complement of the DVB-NIP (Network Independent Protocols) are based on MPEG-2 DSM-CC (Digital Storage Media-Command and Control).DVB allows the occurrence of these interactions and specify two types of tools for that purpose. The first is interatif tools that are network-independent which can be regarded as a layer 2 or three in the protocol stack of ISO / OSI protocol derived from the Digital Storage Media Command Control (DSM-CC) of MPEG.The second group is associated with a lower layer (layer 1 or two) of the OSI model / ISO in the form of interactive tools that are network-dependent. There are several specifications that have been developed, among others, through the Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTN) and Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN). It also developed a comprehensive solution for interaction through a network of CATV, Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC), Terrestrial Systems, Satellite Master Antenna Television Systems (SMATV), LDMS, VSAT, DECT, and GSM.Interoperability
DVB systems are designed to make the most common elements in the commercial market. This allows starndard used in distributing the signal without having to perform complicated processes in the process of decoding and re-coding from one medium to another. Interoperability between standards allows manufacturers to achieve economies of scale. Most of the same element used in all sisytem. The following diagram illustrates a common sequence found on the DVB IRD.Development of DVB
Results achieved by the DVB Project in the form of a comprehensive document both technical and non-technical, describing the solutions needed by the players in the market to utilize digital technology in the field of broadcasting. Since receipt of DAVIC (Digital Audio-Visual Council) as the central coordinating agency for the aspects of digital media convergence, DVB has been working together in terms of determining the technical and operational solutions in the development of various multimedia transmission media. Many of the DVB system is accepted as standard DAVIC. What was done by the DVB and DAVIC has expanded from merely broadcasting aspects towards the development of end-to-end interoperability. DVB system with MPEG-2 as the core video coding scheme, audio and data can be used to pack all kinds of formats used for multimedia purposes either in the form of text, images, graphics, and various types of moving image allows multimedia extensions added at the time of its appearance, but the noteworthy is that the key principal of the DVB is "broadcasting", so that the focus of the development of DVB is for commercial broadcasting market. System for DVB relatively new technology vendors, broadcasters and network providers. One of the strengths of the DVB technology lies in the fact that DVB allows transmission some sizzle data at high speed point-to-multipoint in a manner that is safe from the possibility of transmission errors. To enable the transmission of data in question includes the possibility of repetition of the same data transmission at a fixed time interval or not fixed, the DVB has developed a specification for data broadcasting .
Although the DVB project has reached the stage of maturity, but a variety of activities such as development continues, the development of solutions to membroadcast DVB High Definition Television (HDTV), Specification for Digital Satellite News Gathering (D-SNG), specifications for the interface that will connect the world with DVB networks PDH, ATM and SDH managed by telecom network operators, etc.. q
Dudy Effendi, IPStaff of the Directorate of Planning and Technology, PT. Telekomunikasi IndonesiaDepartment of Physics ITB alumni and the School of Information Science University of Pittsburgh.

VGA pin

VGA 9 pin :
pin 1 : Video Red
pin 2 : Video Green
pin 3 : Video Blue
pin 4 : Horizontal sync
pin 5 : Vertical sync
pin 6 : Red GND
pin 7 : Green GND
pin 8 : Blue GND
pin 9 : Sync GND
VGA 15 pin
pin 1 : Video Red
pin 2 : Video Green
pin 3 : Video Blue
pin 13 : Horizontal Sync
pin 14 : Vertical Sync
pin 6 : Red GND
pin 7 : Green GND
pin 8 : Blue GND
pin 10 + 11 : Sync GND

SHARP TV Repair

TV Feature sharp in protectionist conditions are as follows: if the tv in turn led indicator is red then green and hold a few seconds and then red again.To repair damage Sharp TV with this condition (Protec), bang Zic (http://zicelectronic.blogspot.com) gives the solution as follows:
First you have to clean first with a brush or brush mainboardnya hewn around 2cm, to see and ensure the solder point which is not good, as distinguished loose solder point will be moved and you can see with liquid jelas.Gunakan thinner high-gloss (good quality and fast dry) to clean the stain on mainboard.Setelah dirty or clean, check all the solder points in part: Vertikal-Regulator/power supply-Flyback.blok are most often occurs because of heat damage to the solder point that ditimbulkannya.terutama solderan check in the feet IC vertical and resistornya.Replace the IC vertical if you believe the damaged or also on the mark with resistor color change vertikal.kerjakan carefully.Try to turn on the TV and watch, if it still does not want to start normally, follow these steps:If the flame of a red LED to the green and stop being a yellow, damage occurs to the IC memory (24c04-24c16), replace with a distinguished baru.Setting return parameters used in the service menu. If the red LED continues to die, the damage occurred on the main IC (TDA 938psxxx) or loss of voltage on the regulator 3.3volt, check the power supply.If a green or flashing red, there is an error in the IC memory.ika green LED for 5-10 seconds and re-red, there is a failure on the horizontal section, check the flyback (unplug and measuring with a multimeter scale of 10k in the feet and legs bound ground TR.output horizontal collector, if it moves even a little mean already short flyback . Also check the voltage of 180V to block RGB, usually involves damage to the limiting resistor.Conclusion:SHARP TV that uses a main IC TDA series 938PSxxx, general and frequent damage to: SOLDERAN THE LESS GOOD, VERTICAL IC, MEMORY IC, flyback and REGULATOR.These tips have my practice at home on TV Sharp 14 "Universe and managed successfully. Additional to this model if the Sharp TV vertical images are not normal (blank top and bottom about 10 cm) try to short pins 6 and 7 of IC (service mode) and resetting said vertical bang zic.For the layman who wants to try at home Be careful to stun! remember the TV still stun the rest (1-5 KV) electrical outlet even though the TV is off ..

Http://coretanaba.blogspot.com

Hybrid Fiber Coaxial

HFC is a technology that combines fiber optic and coaxial cables as transmission media. Technology which is the development of cable television network is capable of delivering voice, video, high speed data only through a single media.

for data communications on HFC Cable modem device is required on the customer side and the CMTS in the headend / central. Cable modem upstream signal serves as a modulator and demodulator signal downstream in the network HFC.Cable modem enables high-speed data access through cable TV networks / HFC.CMTS HFC network to function as an interface with external networks and manage cable modems that connect to it.

MATV Head End Configuration

about tv cable

Very often we hear people calling about cable TV. What's the difference with TV nonkabel?

Broadcast Television (TV) cable is already a part of most societies the United States. While in Indonesia, it is still so consumption is quite expensive. With a condition: the number of small operators, there are only in major cities (such as Jakarta, Medan, Bandung, and Surabaya), and a limited number of customers in the upper classes. Actually, what the hell it is cable TV?

As the name implies, is a media liaison between the cable TV operators and customers. The first cable TV system (made in 1948) uses the type twin lead cable. This cable is shaped like a ribbon that is placed on black and white TV. The next system (made in 1950) have used coaxial cable. Coaxial cable consists of conductors in the insulator and conductor-covered outside, as installed between the antenna and TV sets today. Subsequent developments, the network also used the microwave, satellite, and fiber optic cables.

Travel Cable TV

Actually, the first cable TV was built to cope with difficulties receiving television broadcasts suffered by areas with poor signal reception. Usually an antenna mounted on the tower located on top of a mountain or other high places in the area. Then, the cables used to connect the antenna to the TV in some houses around it.

In 1948, Ed Parson who lives in Astoria, Oregon, a community antenna television system (CATV) with twin-lead cable media and installed from one roof to another roof. Meanwhile, in 1950, Bob Tarlton to build the system in Lansford, Pennsylvania, using coaxial cable installed on pole. He gained a monopoly in town and three channels broadcast to subscribers.

It turned out that television broadcast reception difficulties not only in remote areas, but also in cities full of tall buildings. Therefore, cable TV is also growing in urban areas. In addition, the longer it is not just a line extension of local TV broadcasts, but was able to provide services that can compete with other TV broadcasts.

Looking at these developments, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to make restriction for cable TV to receive broadcast television remote. In early 1970, the FCC policy was strengthened by making laws that restrict the ability of cable TV operators in the broadcast: the movie, a glimpse of the events, and others.

However, in 1972 issued a gradual deregulation policy for cable TV. As a result, the more relaxed rules. It generates the cable television industry completeness makers at local and federal level. Thus, there was growth of broadcasting services and additional customers. The use of microwave technology, satellite communications, and fiber optic cable as an additional media also enhance the growth of the service. In addition, also obtained by increasing channel digital video data compression.

In Indonesia alone cable TV emerged in the early 1990s. Currently there are at least three operators are still rooted to serve certain circles in several major cities. Connection fees and subscriptions are high make not many people interested in becoming customers. Not to mention the number of television stations that appear to still be able to meet the needs of the majority of our society. Especially with the emergence of local TV's.

Headend is the source of the emitted signal to cable systems. Headend not only receive local broadcast signals to be transmitted, but also can receive signals: broadcast from a distant city, broadcasts from satellites, and from wave microwave. Therefore, the headend is equipped with supporting devices, such as towers and various types of antennas, including satellite dish, to receive broadcasts from satellites.

In addition, the headend may have broadcast their own programs and thus require an adequate studio to produce a broadcast program. For this application, the headend can set their own time and channel is required. As for time and channel for community access is usually entrusted to the local franchise. In general, cable TV systems can not do the editing control over the quality or content of community access programs.

Cable system consists of two parts, the trunk system and distribution system. Trunk system works to send signals to groups of customers. The devices in the system and the trunk is a trunk cable trunk amplifier. Trunk amplifiers serve to strengthen the signal is weakened due to the length of cable. He was installed at each distance. Total amplifier mounted on the cable is limited by the noise and distortion on the amplifier in question. Good quality cable will reduce the number of amplifiers to the same cable length.

Functioning distribution system to distribute signals to each home in one group of customers. Between the trunk and distribution system installed interface called Bridger amplifier. Support device distribution system is distribution cable, line extender amplifiers, and taps. The function of line extender amplifiers in the distribution system similar to the function of trunk amplifiers in the trunk system. TAP serves as a point of decision or branching signal to the drop cables associated with the device on the customer. Unlike the rigid structure of distribution cable, drop cable has a flexible structure / flex.

At the customer's home, the output drop cable connected to a TV or VCR (video cassete recorder). However, if TV or VCR customers can not find all the existing channels (because VCRs are not compatible with cable systems), required converter that serves as an interface / translator between the TV and cable systems. Typically, the converter has been provided by cable TV operators. If the broadcast signal sent by the headend through the process of randomization (scrambling), the converter must be installed descrambler.

Frequency band and channel

Signal frequency band is relatively wide cable TV operations, ranging from 50 MHz to 450 MHz, even up to 1 GHz. Wide frequency band is divided into many channels. The width of each channel is adjusted with a standard video bandwidth of 4.2 MHz. More and more channels are used, the frequency band width is also required. These channels are sent simultaneously via a cable.

The problem, though the cable TV system has a wide frequency band, a TV set used is not like that. Therefore, this system provides multiple channels (usually channels 2,3,4,5) as the channel of reference for the TV or VCR. In the TV channels that serve as monitors and election broadcasts done by adjusting the tuner / tuner in the converter.

The development system

The emergence of new technologies and the increasing need for diversification benefits of cable TV system causing the system is developed from time to time. Development occurs on the hardware and software. Among them is the use of microwave wave, if the tower broadcast receivers remotely located away from the headend. If the trunk or distribution cabling is difficult or expensive, then the wave of the microwave can be used as a substitute.

The emergence of optical fiber cables, which can be worn on the trunk and distribution system, produce a better broadcast signal resistant to interference because of weather or interference from other radio waves. The use of fiber optic cables also reduce the number of amplifiers that are used for fiber optic cables have low values ​​of cable loss.

Digital system implemented on devices as well as the TV broadcast also caused a lot of changes. Digital video compression techniques make the system capacity becomes higher, so multiply the number of channels. The techniques of Forward Error Correction (FEC) that can correct data errors due to noise is also used to obtain a higher transmission rate.

A quite new is the use of cable systems to the Internet. This application can occur if the headend add to its function as an Internet gateway. Headend also be a server for web services, e-mail, and e-news. For that, cable systems must provide two-way channel for sending and receiving data with the system LAN (Local Area Network).

Other developments certainly should continue to be done, given the many competitors who are always trying to be a "one stop server / service" that can meet all your communication needs as well as entertainment for its customers. Competition could come from a TV cell phone system that is more mobile or fixed telephone lines that can be developed into a video broadcast signal carrier. With excess-excess, these systems must be a strong competitor for cable TV.

Acces the service menu using remote control

Now almost all brands of tv remote control using the media to access the service menu, whether to adjust the image size, calibrate the IF or RGB, or for setting up the sound and others. But for every brand of TV using different codes to open the menus.
as one example to open a Polytron TV codes are:
1.In this standby state, press menu on the remote a few seconds until the TV turns on and ask for access code
2. press code of 1013 or 1014 to be able to open the menu of available services
3. Use the CH UP and CH DOWN on the remote to change the criteria or use the VOL UP or VOL DOWN on the remote control to reduce or increase it.
AKIRA TV service code:
1. When the TV is on, press the AV button on the remote
2. Then press the Menu button, and mute Qview it will exit the service menu on the screen.
3. Use the timer to change the menus and buttons and Vol UP VOL DOWN to add and subtract.
TOSHIBA: IN REMOTE PRESS MUTE ONCE, THEN PRESS AGAIN AND HOLD MUTE + MENU ON TV. REPEAT FOR NEXT PROCESS
PRESS MENU ON REMOTE PRESS FIGURES 4,7,2,5-
PRESS VOL (-) IN TV-PRESS AND HOLD NUMBER 9
SANYO: MENU IN REMOTE + TV VOLUME UP
LG Flatron: PRESS OK AT OK AT REMOTE + TV or the MENU + MENU IN TV REMOTE
TCL: PRESS DISPLAY (OSD) IN REMOTE + VOLUME DOWN IN TV, hold 3 seconds
Polytron: POSITION standby TV, PRESS AND HOLD MENU ON REMOTE TO TURN ON TV INPUT CODE NUMBER 1013.
PANASONIC: SHORT (conn INSTANTANEOUS) PIN 'FA-1' TO 'FA-2' OR TP-8 TO GROUND
PANASONIC TX SERIES: PRESS VOL (-) IN TV + OSD
SHARP: SHORT LEGS (PIN) 6 AND 7 PIN ON INSTANTANEOUS MCU IC (TDA 98XXX). SHORTKAN BACK TO EXIT
SHARP EXPRESSION: Connect OR TWO CLAMPING WIRE / JUMPER J800 (ADA adjacent TUNER) PCB WHICH HAS PROVIDED A HOLE AND TWO JUMPER parallel.
CRYSTAL: POSITION standby TV, PRESS VOLUME UP + DOWN ON TV VOLIME SIMULTANEOUSLY AND HOLD ON TV hinga
PHILLIPS: POSITION standby TV, PRESS 0,6,2,5,9, MENU
Akari: SLEEP IN PRESS REMOTE + TV MENU
SAMSUNG: POSITION IN REMOTE STANDBY PRESS: MENU - PSTD - MUTE - POWER ON
Samsung Plano: OUTSTANDING STANDBY, PRESS ON REMOTE: DISPLAY-MENU-MUTE-POWER ON
Plano DIGITAL SAMSUNG HD100: STANDBY-DISPLAY-MENU-MUTE-POWER
OR: STANDBY-MUTE-1-8-2-POWER ON
AKIRA, FUJITEC, BOOMBA:
BRAND CHINA AND SOME OTHER PROGRAMS WHICH USE THE TYPE LC8632XX IC SERIES: PRESS MENU IN REMOTE twice - RECALL (Q. VIEW) - MUTE.
TV CHINALAINNYA (KCL, MITOCHIBA, BAZZOMBA) PUSH UP VOLUME ON TV IN REMOTE NOL.TEKAN RECCAL ONCE, PRESS AND HOLD VOLUME (-) IN TV SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH PUSH BACK IN REMOTE RECALL .. repeated the process to enter the sub menu next to to the position of exit service menu.
Aiwa: serve MENU BUTTON IS IN THE REMOTE IN THE VOLUME BUTTON (+), unloading NOTICE.
JVC: SIMULTANEOUSLY PRESS AND HOLD MUTE OSD +
OR PRESS AND HOLD OSD + PICTURE
HITACHI: PRESS AND HOLD BUTTON AVDI TV, POWER SWITCH ON TV
SONY: STANDBY-OSD - 5 - VOL (-) - POWER ON
RCA / THOMSON: PRESS AND HOLD BUTTON IN VT TV + POWER SWITCH ON TV